Overview
Recollection is improved through deep as opposed to shallow processing.
Types
| Name | Description | Sources |
|---|---|---|
| Levels-of-processing effect | Deeper levels of analysis produce more elaborate, longer-lasting, and stronger memory traces than shallow levels of analysis. Depth of processing falls on a shallow to deep continuum. Shallow processing (e.g., processing based on phonemic and orthographic components) leads to a fragile memory trace that is susceptible to rapid decay. Conversely, deep processing (e.g., semantic processing) results in a more durable memory trace. | [1] |
Practical Perspectives
- When seeking to recall information, design practice methods that involve the deepest processing available.
- Memory tricks that involve encoding information in the form of visual scene sequences would benefit from emphasis of detail.
Key Research
- From [2]: When logical details are stressed, rather than physical details, an image's recall value becomes lower.[3]
References & Acknowledgements
[1] Craik, F. I. M., & Lockhart, R. S. (1972). Levels of processing: A framework for memory research. Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior, 11(6), 671.
[2] Wikipedia contributors. "Levels of Processing model." Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, 11 Mar. 2020. Web. 24 Jul. 2020.
[3] Intraub, H; Nicklos S (1985). "Levels of processing and picture memory: the physical superiority effect". Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition. 11 (2): 284–98. doi:10.1037/0278-7393.11.2.284. ISSN 0278-7393. PMID 3157769.
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