Overview
The choice of modality through which a concept is received (e.g. picture vs. speech) has an effect on how well the concept is learned.
Types
| Name | Description | Sources |
|---|---|---|
| Modality effect | That memory recall is higher for the last items of a list when the list items were received via speech than when they were received through writing. | [1] |
| Picture superiority effect | The notion that concepts that are learned by viewing pictures are more easily and frequently recalled than are concepts that are learned by viewing their written word form counterparts. | [1] [1-7] |
Practical Perspectives
- Concept review can be designed to incorporate al of hearing, saying, seeing, and reading - such as group-based verbal practice with picture-based flash cards.
References & Acknowledgements
[1] Wikipedia contributors. "List of cognitive biases." Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, 14 Jul. 2020. Web. 23 Jul. 2020. link
[2] Slamecka NJ (April 1968). "An examination of trace storage in free recall". Journal of Experimental Psychology. 76 (4): 504–13. doi:10.1037/h0025695. PMID 5650563.
[3] Shepard RN (1967). "Recognition memory for words, sentences, and pictures". Journal of Learning and Verbal Behavior. 6: 156–163. doi:10.1016/s0022-5371(67)80067-7.
[4] McBride DM, Dosher BA (2002). "A comparison of conscious and automatic memory processes for picture and word stimuli: a process dissociation analysis". Consciousness and Cognition. 11 (3): 423–460. doi:10.1016/s1053-8100(02)00007-7. PMID 12435377.
[5] Defetyer MA, Russo R, McPartlin PL (2009). "The picture superiority effect in recognition memory: a developmental study using the response signal procedure". Cognitive Development. 24 (3): 265–273. doi:10.1016/j.cogdev.2009.05.002.
[6] Whitehouse AJ, Maybery MT, Durkin K (2006). "The development of the picture-superiority effect". British Journal of Developmental Psychology. 24 (4): 767–773. doi:10.1348/026151005X74153.
[7] Ally BA, Gold CA, Budson AE (January 2009). "The picture superiority effect in patients with Alzheimer's disease and mild cognitive impairment". Neuropsychologia. 47 (2): 595–8. doi:10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2008.10.010. PMC 2763351. PMID 18992266.
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